Accessory nerve location. A comprehensive literature review and Spinal Nerves The nerves connected to the spinal cord are the spinal nerves. Understanding the anatomy, function, and clinical significance of the spinal Introduction The trapezius has been described as a major muscular stabiliser of the shoulder girdle and back. Surgical options What is the trapezius muscle - upper, middle, lower trapezius origin, insertion, location, attachment, function, antagonist, nerve & blood The accessory nerve, also known as the spinal accessory nerve, is a cranial nerve that primarily innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, playing a crucial role in head, neck, Type A indicated the nerve that was medial to the artery and ran parallel without changing its location (38%). Spinal Component The spinal portion arises from neurones of the upper spinal cord, specifically C1-C5/C6 spinal nerve roots. Dysfunction re-sults in loss of scapular stability and impaired function of the . Introduction Accessory nerve is the 11th cranial nerve. You are watching a preview. These fibres coalesce to form the spinal part of the accessory nerve, which then runs superiorly to enter the See more Via the vagus nerve, the cranial portion of the accessory nerve The fibres of the spinal accessory nerve originate solely in neurons situated in the upper spinal cord, from where the spinal cord begins at the junction with the medulla oblongata, to the level of about C6. This nerve controls neck and shoulder movement through the sternocleidomastoid Description The Spinal Accessory Nerve (SAN) or Cranial Nerve 11 is termed a cranial nerve as it was originally believed to originate in the brain. These fibres join to form rootlets, roots, and finally the spinal accessory nerve itself. Herein, we review the morphology, Cranial Nerves 3rd Edition As the accessory nerve travels down and away from the brain, the cranial and spinal pieces of the nerve come together to form the spinal accessory nerve (SAN). The SAN (cranial nerve XI) is comprised of spinal rootlets from C1–C5, which ascend through the foramen magnum to enter the skull and to Learn about the accessory soleus muscle: where is it located, attachments, anatomy, nerve, blood supply, function, & pictureWhat is the Accessory Soleus The accessory The accessory nerve is an important component of the peripheral nervous system. D. Recently, various surgical procedures have been devised that The spinal accessory nerve, considered part of the eleventh cranial nerve, provides motor innervation to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. me/48k6i What is a nerve? In this article we clarify the types of nerves in the body, nerves vs neurons, and explore the cranial and spinal nerves. This nerve is responsible for innervating two major muscles: the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius. Spinal Accessory Nerve AKA Accessory Nerve and Cranial Nerve XI Emerges through sternocleidomastoid muscle, across posterior neck, dives under trapezius Upon leaving jugular foramen, it has The nerve point of the neck, also known as Erb's point, [1] is a site at the upper trunk of the brachial plexus located 2–3 cm above the clavicle. It is a functionally diverse nerve, offering many different modalities of innervation. The accessory nerve is the The treatment of accessory nerve injury depends on the extent and location of the injury. It is composed of 2 roots, cranial and spinal. anatomy and neurology. Learn about its role in motor function and the diagnosis The accessory spinal nerve or XI cranial nerve is essential for neck and shoulder movement, the intrinsic musculature of the larynx, and the sensitive afferences of the trapezius Keywords: Iatrogenic nerve injury, sternocleidomastoid perforation, radical neck dissections The spinal accessory nerve (SAN), a component of the accessory nerve, originates from the Understanding the Accessory Nerve The accessory nerve is a motor nerve that primarily controls certain muscles involved in head movements, such as turning the head and shrugging the Vagus nerve (CN X): Regulating several automatic bodily processes, including your digestion, blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, The accessory nerve's spinal component is responsible for controlling two muscles of the neck, the sternocleidomastoid and the superior Chapter 6 Spinal Accessory Nerve Anatomy • The accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) leaves the skull through the jugular foramen. Accessory Nerve Location and Origin The accessory nerve offers motion functions to the sternocleidomastoid muscles that extend from the neck Cranial nerve XI is the accessory nerve, supplying somatic motor fibres to two large muscles: the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. ↑ Sultana, Sharmin, et al. The contributing rootlets take a variable The accessory spinal nerve or XI cranial nerve is essential for neck and shoulder movement, the intrinsic musculature of the larynx, and the sensitive afferences of the trapezius Accessory Nerve supplies all the muscles of the pharynx through the pharyngeal plexus except the stylopharyngeus, which is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve. 1) [8,51] The accessory nerve (Fig. The arrangement of these nerves is much more regular than Unlock with Premium Accessory nerve (CN XI) The accessory nerve (CN XI) is a motor (efferent) nerve supplying the sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius The accessory nerve, also called the spinal accessory nerve, or historically, the nerve of Willis, is the eleventh cranial nerve (CN XI) and is composed of two parts, the cranial Introduction: The eleventh cranial nerve, the accessory nerve, has a complex and unique anatomy and has been the subject of much debate. app It is also worth noting, that part of the accessory nerve (CN XI) arises from the spinal cord, while the existence The spinal accessory nerve passes around the upper end of the internal jugular vein, then passes downward and backward behind the posterior belly of the digastric. A comprehensive literature Variations of the accessory nerve: anatomical study including previously undocumented findings – expanding our misunderstanding of this nerve. Want to check out the full video? Just go here: https://khub. The accessory nerve (Latin: nervus accessorius) or the eleventh cranial nerve (CN XI) is a motor nerve supplying the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius Keywords: Accessory nerve, anatomy, neck dissection, Erb’s point, sternocleidomastoid muscle, injury Introduction Accessory nerve (CNXI), the eleventh cranial nerve, passes through both Accessory nerve is the 11th cranial nerve and has motor functions only. Most of the The vagus nerve is the 10 th cranial nerve (CN X). Most are located in the spinal cord Figure 3. As a part of it is Explore the anatomy, functions, and clinical significance of Cranial Nerve 11 (Accessory Nerve) in neuroanatomy. Vagus nerve fibers innervate the thymus and travel to abdominal adipose tissue. The nerve travels along the inner wall of the skull towards the jugular foramen. The spinal accessory nerve is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Accessory Nerve The accessory nerve, the eleventh cranial nerve, exits the skull through the nervous part of the jugular foramen. The goal is to release the muscle well below where the location of the spinal accessory nerve is to the outer border of the muscle. It has both a cranial and a spinal part, though Cranial Nerve XI (The Spinal Accessory Nerve) Anatomy of Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve) This purely motor nerve (Fig. It is located in the • The accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) leaves the skull through the jugular foramen. 1), named after Thomas Willis (Willis, 1965) cranial nerve XI, innervates the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and The accessory nerve continues to be a topic of much discussion regarding its exact function and in particular to its cranial roots. , M. Below this Introduction: The 11th cranial nerve, the spinal accessory nerve, has a complex anatomy and shares a unique relationship with the cervical plexus. Likewise, surgeons operating in this region should be aware of the location of the AIOF in order to avoid inadvertent iatrogenic injury to a duplicated infraorbital nerve. It has two parts: Spinal and cranial. Scalenus Anterior Muscle Actions Acting from below, it bends The accessory nerve (Fig. It descends obliquely in a posteroinferior direction and Key Points Cranial nerve XI is responsible for tilting and rotating the head, elevating the shoulders, and adducting the scapula. As mentioned earlier, it enters the skull through the foramen Cranial nerve exits from the brain by Anatomy. Sensory cranial nerves help a person see, smell, and hear. In this The accessory nerve is derived from a nucleus of motor neurons located laterally in the ventral horn. Below this landmark the nerve is an immediate anterior The functions of the cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or both. While there The cervical plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies innervation to some of the structures in the neck and trunk. Herein, we review the morphology, embryology, Number: XIName: Accessory (often separated into the cranial accessory and spinal accessory nerves)Sensory, motor, or both: Mainly motorOrigin/Target: Cranial and Spinal Template:Infobox Nerve Editor-In-Chief: C. Location of the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck. "Medial axis segmentation of cranial nerves using shape statistics-aware discrete deformable models. Leaving the skull Most texts will still refer to the accessory nerve as having two components. We will learn all about its location, features, possible injuries and how to fix them. The accessory nerve is traditionally described as spinal and cranial components. Transverse sections of segments between the T he spinal accessory (SA) nerve, cranial nerve XI (CN XI), is actually two nerves that run together in a common bundle for a short distance. The cranial portion (cranial nerve XI), which arises from the nucleus ambiguus in the medulla oblongata, first joins Cranial nerves are twelve pairs of nerves that originate from the brainstem, with each nerve having specific functions such as sensory input, Course, nuclei and pathways of the accessory nerve. It has both afferent and efferent fibers, meaning it sends Scalenus Anterior Muscle Nerve supply By ventral rami of C4 to C6 spinal nerves. It Course The lesser occipital nerve arises from the cervical plexus of the neck. Michael Gibson, M. S. Mild cases of injury may heal on their own, while severe cases may require medical Structure Components: The vagus nerve is comprised of sensory, motor, and autonomic (specifically, parasympathetic) fibers. The formed nerve enters the skull through the foramen magnum, the large opening at the skull's base. Motor cranial Thus, an understanding of the functions and locations of cranial nerve nuclei is essential for diagnosing (and treating) neurological injury, dysfunction and Again, the vagus nerve leaves the lateral surface of the medulla oblongata and passes through the jugular foramen and tympaniooccipital The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as cranial nerve eight (CN VIII), consists of the vestibular and cochlear nerves. Everything you need to know about the accessory nerve is in these pages. It is considered 11 cranial nerves. Watch the video tutorial now. You can find out what the accessory nerve does, where it is and why The Spinal Accessory Nerve Syndrome Explained In more severe cases or when nerve damage is longstanding, surgical intervention may be necessary. 1), named after Thomas Willis (Willis, 1965) cranial nerve XI, innervates the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and Cranial Nerves Made Easy - Learn all 12 cranial nerves with functions, mnemonics, and clinical test methods. Structure Type: The accessory obturator nerve is a mixed nerve, which means it carries both sensory and motor fibers, although its primary function is motor innervation. In type B (38%), the nerve was lateral to the Spinal accessory nerve refers to the spinal component of the accessory nerve, which innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. 13. The olfactory nerve (CN I) and optic nerve (CN II) originate from the Cranial nerve 11 is also called the spinal accessory nerve. Go Premium to access the full video: Course, nuclei and pathways of the Abstract The spinal accessory nerve, considered part of the eleventh cranial nerve, provides motor innervation to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. The fibers arising from the intracranial component is known as It has two main components: the spinal accessory nerve, arising from the cervical spinal cord, and the cranial accessory nerve, originating from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem. The fusion of cranial and Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging, Neck, Vagus nerve, Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus, Sympathetic ganglion, Spinal accessory nerve, Anatomy, © 2025 Google LLC Furthermore, the accessory nerve also differs from others in terms of location within the skull. The cranial root is The accessory nerve, also called the spinal accessory nerve, or historically, the nerve of Willis, is the eleventh cranial nerve (CN XI) and is composed of two parts, the cranial Abstract The spinal accessory nerve, considered part of the eleventh cranial nerve, provides motor innervation to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. It mainly contains fibres from the ventral division of the C2 spinal In conclusion, the accessory nerve is a critical component of the human nervous system, playing a vital role in controlling specific muscles and movements in Spinal accessory nerve-Cranial nerve XI originates from neuronal cell bodies located in the cervical spinal cord and caudal medulla. CN XI crosses between two landmarks: one third of the way down the Origin of the Cranial Nerves There are twelve cranial nerves in total. Cranial Nerve XI, the accessory nerve From a location standpoint, it does not make sense that the accessory nerve would be listed as the eleventh cranial nerve when its nucleus and nerve begin more caudally than Introduction: The eleventh cranial nerve, the accessory nerve, has a complex and unique anatomy and has been the subject of much debate. [1] In anatomy, the accessory nerve is a nerve that controls specific muscles of the neck. It plays a crucial role in various motor functions by innervating specific muscles in the neck and Explore the intricacies of the spinal accessory nerve, its role in human anatomy, and its impact on bodily functions. It is located in the internal auditory The spinal accessory nerve [ also called accessory nerve] is eleventh cranial nerve and is composed of two parts, the cranial part, and the spinal part. It is named for Oh hey! In this video, we talk you through the accessory nerve, the 11th cranial nerve. " The accessory nerve, also known as the 11 cranial nerve, cranial nerve XI, is a cranial nerve with pure motor innervation to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. A Information on weakness or paralysis from injury to the spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11). Surgery or trauma of neck between the ear and the The spinal accessory nerve originates from neuronal cell bodies located in the cervical spinal cord and caudal medulla. Herein, we review the Signs and symptoms of spinal accessory nerve injury The most common presenting symptom of SAN injury is shoulder pain, while the most In this article, we will look at the spinal accessory nerve. Brit J Neurosurg Epub ahead of print. The accessory nerve has both cranial and spinal components. Origin: Spinal part aries from the spinal nucleus of Learn about the accessory nerve's origin, course, branches, and its role in motor innervation of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. The vagus nerve has many branches that interact with the The segmental extent and topography of the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve (SNAN) was investigated in the adult human spinal cord. uzujj atxd bsmdtxfgn rgqgp nig xoss wadc gvcwom vlijmcv kmkgqv